Mars is the fourth planet from the sun and second-smallest planet of our solar system. Mars is a red dusty, cold desert world. Mars is also called the Red planet because of rusty iron on its surface. This world is full of mystery and some of the solar system's most extreme geology. Like Earth , Mars also has seasons variation , polar ice , mountains , volcanoes, canyons and weather.
Its atmosphere is very thin which is made up of carbon dioxide , nitrogen, and argon. There are signs of water existing , but now mostly water exists in the form icy dirt and thin clouds. The evidence of salty water is present on some martian hillsides. sciencetist still think life was possible on Mars in the past. They also want to know about the existence of life on Mars in future. One of the most explored bodies in our solar system is Mars. It is the only place humans have sent rovers to roam alien landscapes.
If we talk About India's space agency ISRO , they sent one spacecraft in Mars orbit in the first attempt. Before this, no space agency could reach the Mars Orbit in First Attempt, it is a matter of pride for all Indians. NASA , they sent three spacecraft in orbit and one rover and one lander on the surface of mars.
On july 30, 2020 , NASA launched next-generation perseverance rovers to mars. India already has spacecraft in orbit above mars. These all robotics spacecraft are exploring the existence of life on mars billions years ago.
Structure and surface of Mars
* Mars is a small and rocky terrestrial planet.
* its atmosphere is very thin which is made up of carbon dioxide , nitrogen, and argon.
* In spite of Mars's Atmosphere being active, its surface is not active, here all the Volcanoes are dead.
* Mars has a 930 to 1,300 miles ( 1,500 to 2,100 kilometers ) radius of dense core present at its center.
* The rocky mantle which surrounds the core is 770 to 1,170 miles ( 1,240 to 1,880 kilometers ) thick.
* The crust above the mantle is made up of iron, magnesium, aluminium, calcium,and potassium.
* The radius of the crust is between 6 to 30 miles ( 10 to 50 kilometers ).
* The red planet actually has many colors , when we see at the surface of mars we find many colors such as brown, gold and tan.
* Mars looks reddish due to oxidation or rusting of iron in rocks, martian soil ( regolith ) and dust of mars. The planet appears red , when this dust gets kicked up into the atmosphere and forms a distance.
* The radius of mars is about half of the radius of Earth which is 2,106 miles ( 3,390 kilometers ).
* Mars surface area is nearly the same as Earth's dry area.
* The largest volcano in our solar system which is present on Mars - Olympus Mons (16 miles ).
* Tallest volcano - Olympus Mons which is three times taller than Mount Everest.
* The base of Olympus Mons is the size of the state of New Mexico ( 374 miles ).
* The surface gravity of Mars is 37.5% of Earth’s gravity.
Atmosphere of Mars
* Mars' atmosphere is very thin which is made up of carbon dioxide , nitrogen, and argon.
* Mars’ atmosphere does not provide much protection from meteorites , asteroids and comets.
* Temperature on Mars , Maximum - 70 degree fahrenheit ( 20 degree celsius ), and Minimum - 225 degree fahrenheit ( -153 degree celsius ).
* Due to the thin atmosphere , heat from the sun can easily escape from the planet.
Rings around Mars
Mars has two moons - Phobos and Deimos , which are potato-shaped. The innermost and largest moon, Phobos. Which is slowly moving toward Mars' surface and will crash into the planet Mars in about 50 millions years.
The second moon of Mars, Deimos ,is half of the Phobos and orbits faster , and away from Mars Surface.
Evidence of life on Mars
Scientists have not been able to find life on Mars yet, but they are looking for proof of life when there was water and a better atmosphere millions of years ago.
Some quick facts about Mars
* galileo galilei - First person who watches Mars with a telescope.
* In 2011, NASA sent the Mars Curiosity rover to investigate about Rocks and determine the geologic process.
* Mars curiosity rover has found complex organic molecules on the surface, as well as seasonal fluctuations in methane concentrations in the atmosphere of Mars
* India's first MARS ORBITER MISSION entered mars orbit on september 2014
* Year on Mars as compared to Earth , Mars - 687 days , Earth - 365 days .
* Mars Atmosphere contain gas - Carbon dioxide 96% , Argon less than 2% , Nitrogen less than 2% , Other gas less than1%
* Distance from sun - 142,000,000 miles or 22,85,26,848 kilometers
* Speed - 53.858 mps
* Day - 24 hours + 40 min
* Volume - 6 Mars fill into a earth
* Martians Moons -
-Phobos -13.8 miles / 22.2 km
-Deimos - 7.8 miles / 12.6 km
* Tilt of Axis - 25 degree
* Average speed in orbiting Sun - 14.5 miles per second
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